What is a Septic System?
A septic system has two main components. The first part is the septic tank where the treatment takes place. This sealed tank holds solid waste as it decomposes. It is made from materials that don't decay and follow the rules set by your state.
The next part is the drain field where the soil absorbs water. A drain field can be one of three types: Aerobic, Pressure dosing, or Gravity system. No matter what kind of system you have they all serve the same purpose: to clean process and get rid of wastewater.
Most septic systems work well for 20 to 25 years if you take care of them regularly. It's also important to keep your drain field clear of trees, bushes, heavy equipment and cars.
How Does a Septic System Work?
Wastewater is collected and stored in a septic tank after being transported via a pipe from your residence or place of business. The solids in the tank are organically broken down by bacteria, resulting in sludge. Lighter materials float to the top of the water and create a layer of scum, while heavier solids sink to the bottom of the tank and form sludge. The wastewater then flows through the baffle after being cleared of solids, grease, laundry detergent, and other dangerous substances. The wastewater is then transported into the drain field after passing through the distribution box. The distribution box distributes the flow uniformly, and the baffle keeps the layer of scum from getting into the drain field.
Key Terms for Understanding Your Septic System
Homeowners may find septic systems intimidating and complicated to operate, but maintenance can be made simpler if they know the components and how they work. The following are important terms to understand regarding your septic system:
Tank: Usually constructed of concrete, fiberglass, or polyethylene, the septic tank is a subterranean, waterproof container. The waste generated by your household is stored there. The waste in the tank separates into three layers: liquid (the remaining water in the middle), sludge (heavier solids at the bottom), and scum (oils, fats, and soaps on top).
The pipe that joins your homes main exit pipe to the septic tank is known as the inlet baffle. In order for solids to sink to the bottom, it helps to slow down the flow of waste.
Wastewater can enter the drain field through the outlet baffle tee, which is a pipe. Additionally, it helps keep solids from escaping the tank and damaging the secondary treatment components or creating clogs.
The effluent filter, which keeps debris and solid waste out of the secondary treatment, is situated on the outlet baffle.
Secondary Treatment: The wastewater may enter a leach field, filter bed, or mound after leaving the outlet baffle. It is also used for spray irrigation and UV light treatment in more recent systems.
Risers: Long pipes that reach ground level are located above the septic tank. They make it simple to reach the septic tank for cleaning and inspection without having to dig.
Access Port: Located atop the risers is the access port, sometimes referred to as the lid. For cleaning purposes, a septic service provider opens it. To avoid mishaps involving kids and pets, the lid needs to be at least 80 pounds in weight or fastened with screws.
To sum up, knowing the components of your septic tank and how they function can help with maintenance. For your septic system to operate properly and to avoid problems like backups and plumbing issues, regular maintenance is essential. To find the ideal maintenance schedule for your particular requirements, make sure to speak with an expert.
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